Minecraft Java Edition – Blocks That Spiders Cannot Climb

The same rules apply to Monster Spawners as to the natural spawning of the mob in question, with two exceptions:

1. Ordinarily, hostile mobs will never spawn next to the player, but with spawners they can.
2. Natural spawns require ground underneath the mob, but Monster Spawners can create monsters in midair.

It is also important to understand the effect of light level: what is relevant is not the light at the spawner but the light at the location where the mob spawns, so putting a torch on the spawner is just a way to center the light, not inherently good — and is in fact inadequate to light up the full spawning range to level 8, though it happens to be sufficient for many natural dungeons. The actual requirement for safety is that the full spawning area (8×8 × 3 high box centered on the spawner's low-coordinate corner) is sufficiently lit (or does not have valid locations to spawn, e.g. is filled solid).

In your case, where you have two spawners right next to each other, there is no way to spawn just the skeletons except by lighting or filling up with blocks the entire spawn volume of the cave spider spawner, leaving you with just a thin slice of skeleton spawner volume (which will therefore have lower spawning rates).

Another possibility would be to construct a sorting system which separates the skeletons from the cave spiders, but I don't know of a particular design to suggest. Cave spiders are particularly difficult to handle because of their small size and ability to climb.

Spiders are spawned in the centre of a block, and because they are larger than a single block, part of them overlaps the other eight blocks surrounding it.

This means that when a spider is placed to be spawned they must not have any solid blocks around them in a 3x3 area in.

An area like this will prevent spiders from spawning.

ooooooooooo
ooooooooooo
ooxooxooxoo
ooooooooooo
ooooooooooo
ooxooxooxoo
ooooooooooo
ooooooooooo
ooxooxooxoo
ooooooooooo
ooooooooooo

o = air
x = solid block (half-slab)