How many unique Pokemon are there?
Please see the most up-to-date and continually updated answer to If I start now, can I catch every Pokémon in Pokémon Go?
If there is less than 250, is there any point to having more than 1 of any given Pokemon?
Candy
In order to power up your Pokemon and evolve, you need candy. Candy is one of two main resources involved with powering up, evolving, and gaining a secondary charge move.
Catching provides candy based on the evolution stage:
- 3 candy for base stage
- 5 candy for second stage
- 10 candy for third stage
Raiding
Since the release of Pokemon Go, raiding has become one of the major aspect of the games. While batting the raid boss, having multiple of the same Pokemon can provide a boost when it comes to exploiting type advantage (e.g. 6 Aura-Sphere Lucarios vs Tyranitar)
PvP
Pokemon Go has PvP battle leagues, all of which have different thresholds of allowed CP. There are many top-meta Pokemon, such as Registeel and Swampert, which perform well in various leagues. In PvP, one benefit to having multiple of the same Pokemon is to have a variety of CP ranges to have one in each league.
This page gives the average CP-per-powerup numbers for each pokemon type. Each pokemon can have the same number of powerups (roughly equal to twice your trainer level), so a pokemon's max CP is proportional to its CP per powerup.
The pokemon with the best CP per powerup are Mewtwo (56), Dragonite (47), Mew (44), Moltres (44), Snorlax (42), Zapdos (42), Arcanine (40), Articuno (40), Exeggutor (40), Lapras (40), and Vaporeon (38).
However you should know there are also some comparisons such as this one
which ignore CP and derive pokemon combat power from the base stats. This seems to lead to the conclusion that Vaporeon is the best available pokemon.
What seems to have happened is that pokemon attack speed numbers are not getting properly reflected in pokemon go. So pokemon with very high attack speed numbers (lightning pokemon?) are nerfed in pokemon go, while pokemon with very low attack speed numbers (water pokemon) are buffed.
This may change with time.
Best Answer
According to this source. Masterballs are in the game's files, but not currently obtainable. They may be implemented in the future.