Yes.
The actual rules for this are oddly worded, but the notation is pretty simple.
In general, there are two formats for "things that increase your AC." The most common format is the one attached to armor:
[your AC equals] 11 + Dex modifier
or Draconic Resilience:
your AC equals 13 + your Dexterity modifier.
Note that there is no "plus" at the beginning of the formula. These items set your AC to a specific value.
The other format is that used by shields and class features that increase your AC above its base value:
Defensive fighting style:
You gain a +1 bonus to AC.
Or a shield:
Wielding a shield increases your AC by 2.
These are phrased in terms of increasing, rather than setting your AC. They are preceded by the phrase "increases" or a plus sign.
So, it's pretty simple. You get one thing that sets your AC, and any number of things that modify it (except where restricted by other rules, like the rules stating you can only use one shield).
A fighter could very easily have an AC like this:
[15 + Dex Mod] (half-plate) [+2] (shield) [+1] (defensive fighting style)
For a total AC of 18 + Dex Mod.
But he couldn't add a chain shirt to increase his AC, because both that and the half-plate set his AC to a fixed value.
The same applies to Draconic Resilience. You can stack it with a shield, because a shield increases AC. And you can further stack on the Shield spell, giving you a (temporary) total of [13 + Dex Mod] [+2] [+5], or 20 + Dex Mod.
But you can't combine Draconic Resilience with Mage Armor, because both Mage Armor and Draconic Resilience are trying to set your AC to a fixed value.
Some things Draconic Resilience stacks with:
Some things it does not:
RAW
The rules for AC are on page 14 of the Player's Handbook, or page 9 of the Basic Rules.
The relevant part is this:
Without armor or a shield, your character’s AC equals 10 + his or her Dexterity modifier. If your character wears armor, carries a shield, or both, calculate your AC using the rules in chapter 5. Record your AC on your character sheet.
[...]
Some spells and class features give you a different way to calculate your AC. If you have multiple features that give you different ways to calculate your AC, you choose which one to use.
The rules called out above appear to be these:
Wielding a shield increases your Armor Class by 2. You can benefit from only one shield at a time.
If you wear light armor, you add your Dexterity modifier to the base number from your armor type to determine your Armor Class.
(and so on, for each type of armor)
The rules are sloppy here. Technically, they don't give you a calculation for AC when wielding a shield and no armor. And they never explicitly call out what is or is not a "way to calculate your AC."
With that said, we can use examples to build the intent of the designers.
It's pretty clear that you don't have to choose between a shield and plate. It's also pretty clear that a shield shouldn't set your AC to 2.
Finally, it's pretty clear that wearing a chain shirt with half plate shouldn't set your AC to 28 + 2 * Dex modifier (max 2).
It seems obvious then, that a "calculation" is something that sets your AC to a value plus other modifiers.
If something just adds on to (or increases) your AC, you continue to use whichever calculation is most favorable plus the new modifier.
Best Answer
Dragonborn don't get it by default
Said specifically, it is not a feature granted by choosing Dragonborn as your race when building a character. If it was it would be listed in the race's description. The two special features Dragonborn get are Breath Weapon and Damage Resistance (and the Draconic Ancestry which determines the damage type for both).
However, if a player would like to gain Unarmored Defence, one of the Dragonborn racial feats is called Dragon Hide (XGtE, p. 74). In part, the feat grants an AC of 13 + Dexterity modifier if you aren't wearing armour. This is identical to the AC provided by the Draconic Bloodline sorcerous origin's Draconic Resilience feature.