Identifying a scroll is different from deciphering a scroll and neither requires expending the scroll.

Identifying
The detect magic spell determines if there're any magic auras in the area on the first round, the number of magic auras and the most potent aura in the area on the second, and where exactly those auras are and how powerful each is on the third. With a successful Knowledge (arcana) skill check (DC 15 + spell level), the caster can determine the aura's school of magic; this check apparently takes no time and is part of the 3rd-round detect magic effect. Doing this would tell the caster only the school of the spell or spells on the scroll.

A 3-round thorough examination of the object while employing the detect magic spell permits the caster to "[i]dentify the properties of a magic item" with a successful Spellcraft check (DC 15 + scroll's caster level). This tells the caster everything about the magic item, with apparently one exception. The caster knows whether the scroll is arcane or divine, what level spell is on it, what level the spell or spells are scribed at, and so on, but identifying doesn't reveal exactly what spell is on the scroll; to do that the caster must decipher the scroll.

These 3 rounds are in addition to the first 3 rounds leading to pinpointing each aura in the area of the spell detect magic. Events happen in order unless stated to happen simultaneously.

(The analyze dweomer spell also reveals these properties, but the word dweomer is difficult to say without laughing.)

Deciphering
To find out which spell is on the scroll (and subsequently be able to activate it) the caster must decipher the scroll, which requires a successful full-round Spellcraft skill check (DC 20 + spell level), a successful 1-minute Use Magic Device skill check (DC 25 + spell level), or the read magic spell.

After the scroll's deciphered, that scroll's always deciphered for that caster. No further checks need be made, and the scroll can be employed normally.

Don't conflate identifying with deciphering. The hairs are fine and difficult to split but the game splits them anyway: When a caster identifies an item's properties, he gets command words, number of charges, and so on (pretty much just like he read the item's description from the book) but not the name of the spell on the scroll; the caster gets that and the ability to activate the scroll from deciphering the scroll.

Note: That's weird and the Pathfinder Role-playing Game buries that on page 490: "The writing on a scroll must be deciphered before a character can... know exactly what spell it contains." This also isn't exclusive to Pathfinder--both the Dungeons and Dragons 3.0 and 3.5 Dungeon Master's Guides have the exact same language in their Deciphering a Scroll sections (pages 203 and 238, respectively).

Note: A solid but dangerous case can be made for skipping the identification step if the caster already knows what he's dealing with, much in the same way someone proficient with a sword can just whack fools with the sword instead of learning its maker, properties, and history before he starts using it. The DM rolls secretly to determine if a character deciphers gibberish via the Linguistics skill, but the player rolls openly to decipher a magic scroll via the Spellcraft skill or Use Magic Device skill, so right there the player will know it's a magic scroll and, if successful in deciphering it, know the spell on it. The character can then try to activate the scroll, but--and this is really a DM's call--the character still won't know any of the scroll's properties (such as it's spell level or the scriber's caster level) because the character's not identified the scroll's properties. Just as Fighter Joe can still take swings with a magic sword without knowing its exact properties, Wizard Jim can decipher a scroll and, if he meets the requirements, cast the spell from the scroll without knowing exactly what's going to happen. I've never seen a player want to do that, but I'd totally let him. That could be hilarious.

Other Tidbits: There are spells that straight-up answer questions and get information; one could possibly use those and make a big pile of information about a scroll. There are feats and classes that are scroll-specific, and those might be useful. I've ignored both because they seem to be beyond the question's scope.

You can apply class abilities to spell casting from magical items

While casting from an item is not the same as a Casting a Spell action, it is still casting a spell. Unless a term is given a special definition in 5e game terms, you use the common definition for that term. You are casting the spell, the ability to do so comes from the item. For instance, the Staff of Fireballs:

.. you can use an action to ... cast one of the following Spells ...

Is no different, in this regard, to Wand of Fireballs from:

you can use an action to ... cast the Fireball spell ...

Jeremy Crawford has posted a number of answers we can point to in the time since this question appeared that verifies this really is the case. Each time he's been asked about a specific class ability the answer has been an affirmative. These were made when his tweets were official rulings, but since have been "downgraded" by the Sage Advice Compendium to his personal advice and perspective. While this is true, it still is clarification of the intent of the designers.

Metamagic

Can Metamagic be used on magic item casting a spell? Yes.

If a magic item's description says you cast a spell from it, you can use Metamagic on the spell. #DnD

and

Metamagic works w/ any spells that sorcerers cast. Wild Magic Surge can work w/ any sorcerer spell they cast. #DnD

Wild Magic

Can using a magic item cause a Wild Magic Surge? Yes

Yes.

Arcane Ward

Can casting from a wand/staff recharge Arcane Ward? Yes

Arcane Ward/Twinned Spell works when you cast a qualifying spell. It even works when an item says you cast one. #DnD