Does a character that speaks giant understand/know the meaning of the Giant runes provided in Storm King's Thunder? My guess would be no – the Giant language is based off of the Dwarvish script (PHB p.123), which I don't believe to be the same (Sword Coast Guide p. 105 doesn't look like the runes). Is this the case?
[RPG] Does speaking Giant mean understanding Giant Runes (Storm King’s Thunder)
dnd-5elanguagespublished-adventuresstorm-kings-thunder
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Best Answer
In Storm King's Thunder, the giant runes are used in magical contexts, as in the various magic items, and as nonmagical insignia—kind of like the no symbol or "Ghostbusters thing." They aren't used to write things down. There are a couple places, such as a location described on page 212, where it's made clear that giants do their sentences-and-paragraphs writing in Dethek (the Dwarvish script), not in giant runes. So it looks like the giant runes aren't a full-fledged writing system, and a fluent speaker/reader/writer of giant wouldn't necessarily know them.
There's more compelling evidence, but it is spoilery: