[RPG] “fighting” for purposes of Charm or Dominate spells

dnd-5espells

This came up in regards to the Dominate Person spell in session today.
Dominate Person (as well as Charm Person, and also the other two Dominate spells, and perhaps others?) states the following (PHB 235 with my emphasis):

You attempt to beguile a humanoid that you can see within range. It must succeed on a Wisdom saving throw or be charmed by you for the duration. If you or creatures that are friendly to you are fighting it, it has advantage on the saving throw.

What does fighting mean?

Some options would be:

  1. In an encounter with the potential for combat.
  2. Actively engaged in combat. Different than #1. For example at the start of an encounter, a bard with high DEX goes first in initiative order and decides to cast Dominate Person on someone in the opposing group. However no one in either group has actually engaged in fighting anyone since the bard is first. She could also choose to talk and be diplomatic, would that be considered fighting because it happens during an encounter?
  3. Have been engaged in combat with, but are not currently (i.e. castle guards that might be looking for you sneaking about)
  4. People who are part of a group that you and companions are at odds with and have fought members of, but have not specifically fought the current target of the spell (i.e. a member of an opposing thieves' guild)
  5. Anyone who is at odds with you or someone friendly to you
  6. A verbal argument with someone

There are many specific situations that could be referenced. What I would like to know is:

How is Fighting defined by RAW?

I'll settle for RAI if there is no RAW. And sagely commentary if there is no published indications of RAI.

Best Answer

The D&D 5e Player's Handbook, chapter 9, refers to fighting as what happens during combat, which according to the "Combat Step by Step" sidebar is that familiar situation in which initiative is rolled and everyone takes turns:

When everyone invited in the combat has had a turn, the round ends. Repeat step 4 until the fighting stops.

However, the rules don't strictly define "fighting", meaning that it's also plausible that the DM adjudicates the term under the standardly understood English definition of the word, engaging in a fight. Since a fight is precisely what happens in combat when initiative is rolled, this has the same meaning.