No.
Character Advancement
When adding new levels of an existing class or adding levels of a new
class (see Multiclassing, below), make sure to take the following
steps in order. First, select your new class level. You must be able
to qualify for this level before any of the following adjustments are
made. Second, apply any ability score increases due to gaining a
level. Third, integrate all of the level's class abilities and then
roll for additional hit points. Finally, add new skills and feats.
The order of how you level matters. You're allowed take a feat the same level you gain the prerequisites only because gaining feats is the last thing you do. If the prerequisite is a skill, spell, or ability, you already have it by the time you take the feat.
Of course, if the prerequisite is another feat, you must already have the prerequisite feat before you can take the desired feat. However, since character advancement is an ordered process, if you gain multiple feats in a level1, you can choose to take the prerequisite feat first. You can now take the desired feat.
In your example, you can take neither feat first since neither feat has its prerequisite met.
1 Class abilities that give bonus feats give them at the time you normally add new feats (after skill points). It's unclear if you choose your standard feat before your bonus feat or vice versa, but I would generally allow players to select feats in any order if it matters.
I don't have the sourcebook in front of me, but looking at the online d20pfsrd here, Finesse Rogue is a basic level Rogue Talent, which become available for taking at 2nd level. The 'Feat' Rogue Talent is listed as an 'Advanced Talent', which isn't available until 10th level. So when a rogue is 10th level, yes, the 'Feat' talent makes the 'Finesse Rogue' talent redundant. But before 10th level that isn't the case.
Best Answer
A rogue needs to meet all prerequisites for the feats gained via Combat trick.
Take a look at the description of Combat Trick
and compare the rogue talent description to the Monk Bonus feat
or the Ranger Combat Style feat
Both of these abilities explicitly waive the prerequisites, while Combat Trick doesn't. Since having to qualify for feats is the norm, this enabling (in that it enables you do "go against the rules") text is important.