Just roll a d1000 in anydice.
The probabilities for rolling 3d10 as the 3 tens places will be exactly the same as rolling a d1000.
These answers shows the math for d100 vs 2d10, it's exactly the same story here just times ten.
The point of using d1000 is that probabilities are easy to calculate: the chance of the number or less is equal to the number in per-mille. The chance of rolling less than 900 is 900-1 in 1000 or 899‰ (89.9%); the chance of rolling equal or higher is the remainder in 1000 or 101‰ (10.1%) SevenSidedDie
History
The reason for the set mix as it exists is that, originally, the dice available were a set of platonic solids, sold by an educational company and repurposed by TSR. Namely, a tetrahedron (d4), cube (square hexahedron, d6), equilateral octohedron (d8), dodecahedron (d12), icosahedron (d20). This was a "platonic solids" set.
D20's were routinely read as d10's in wargaming, and used for generating percentiles, which made use of the d20 as a d10 or pair as a d100 a standard practice, going back as early as 1972.
A 1938 dodecahedron with 2 rounded faces opposite each other was available in 1938 for stock simulations. ➀ It wasn't used by TSR, but shows the probable origins of the pentagonal dipyramid we now think of as the d10.
Names
As to names - the earliest modern set (with dipyramid d10) I can readily find documented by name is the "Dragon Dice" set from 1981 (as evidenced on the packaging copyright notice), as photographed at Dice Collector. ➁
I can, however, cite TSR "catalogue" from a ©1979 TSR product - Swords & Spells lists the older set as "Multi-Sided Dice Set" in the catalogue extract on the back flyleaf. ➂ It reads:
Multi-Sided Dice Sets — Each set contains one 20-, 12-, 8-, 6-, and 4-sided die
The same title and text was used in the 1975 product list in Strategic Review Vol 1. Issue 3 (1975). ➃
So:
Multi-Sided Dice Set - the original d20 d12 d8 d6 d4 platonic set.
Dragon Dice - the "mud dice" set with d10's.
➀ Dice Collector - Mason & Co Stock Exchange Dice - www.dicecollector.com/MINT39_MASON_&_CO_STOCK_EXCHANGE_DICE.jpg
➁ Dice Collector - TSR - www.dicecollector.com/THE_DICE_THEME_TSR.html
➂ Gygax, [E.] Gary, Swords & Spells, 6th printing, Tactical Studies Rules, 1979. Original copyright 1976.
➃ Tactical Studies Rules, Strategic Review, Vol. 1, No. 3, Autumn 1975, Ed. [E.] Gary Gygax. TSR advert on page 8. From the Dragon Archive CD.
Best Answer
There's no industry standard.
The consistency of d10s that you've observed is much more likely due to Chessex's dominance of the hobby dice market. They have standard designs and moulds for their dice that ensure consistency within their own dice lines.
If you're perceiving a standard d10 geometry, it's very likely because you're looking at different dice all made by Chessex, or made by another company that is following the market leader's lead.