Learn English – A word/phrase which refers to the smell of nature

Your question brings to mind the model of organizational culture proposed by Edgar Schein. He defined three levels of organizational culture:

Artifacts <--> Espoused Values <--> Underlying Assumptions

The three levels are interdependent, but the Underlying Assumptions level in particular refers to subconscious beliefs that impact a person's actions. In the scenario you suggested, a person seems to have rejected the surface actions and values of a culture but unknowingly retained its underlying assumptions. I might term that a case of cultural vestiges or vestiges of belief. For a bit of insight into Schein's model, have a peek at one of these links:

• http://www.valuebasedmanagement.net/methods_schein_three_levels_culture.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Schein

In addition to "sheltered", the word cloistered describes the condition of being cut off from the outside world.

cloistered adjective 1. secluded from the world; sheltered: "a cloistered life."

(from http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/cloistered)

In addition to separation from outside, natural elements (weather, landscapes, etc.), it can also describe separation from outside events (news, pop culture, human contact).