"Happy as a sandboy" is obviously a simile for happy / content. Where does it come from and what is the eponymous "sandboy"?
Learn English – the etymology of “happy as a sandboy”
etymology
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Best Answer
Meaning
Sandboys were boys or men who drove donkeys selling sand, to put down on the floor. Here's W. Meyler's 1805 poem The Rider and Sand-boy: A Tale to paint a picture of the trade.
Etymology
The earliest printed citation The Phrase Finder found is Pierce Egan's Real Life in London, 1821:
I couldn't find anything earlier, but even better, I found a definition from the same period, in a John Badcock's 1823 Slang, a Dictionary of the Turf, the Ring, the Chase, etc.
(A neddy is a donkey; a capon is a rooster for meat; an epicure is "a person who cultivates a discriminating palate for the enjoyment of good food and drink".)
Bonus Victorian speculation!
The phrase was also the subject of speculation in the 19th century journal Notes and Queries (a bit like a Victorian Stack Exchange).
A reply to a query about other obsolete phrases in 3rd Series, Volume XI, June 1, 1867:
In 1888, it's noted:
Here's the first 1866 of these unsatisfactory answers:
And here's the second 1870 unsatisfactory answer:
Charles Dickens' The Old Curiousity Shop was published in 1840 but we have earlier citations of the phrase (and a dictionary definition, no less). It's probably safe to say Dickens took the name from the phrase. Our correspondent believes the jolliness is from being drunk ("potations pottle deep"), rather than the earlier suggestions.
World Wide Words says the sandboys' hard work lasted some 15 hours a days for bad pay: