For example,
- If this van's a-rockin', don't come a-knockin'
- Here We Come A-caroling (song title)
- Come on-a My House (song title)
I have a few related questions:
- What is the "a-" or "-a" called?
- Is there a function beyond a rhythmic one?
- Why is "a-" attached to a word at all — and why attach to a word at all?
Best Answer
The American Heritage Dictionary seems to see this as stemming (hehe) from when the Old English preposition on was placed in front of a verbal noun:
If this is true, then the original sense of the usage would have been a preposition-noun construction. In the song
this means that "a-hunting" would have been used in the sense of "at hunting," meaning "being engaged in the pursuit known as hunting." It would not, then, have stemmed from the ME y or Germanic (and OE) ge verb form.
Usage note. AHD goes on to use the isolano of Smith Island in the U.S. as an exemplar of this kind of speech:
This is an interesting question. I'm not sure it has a definitive answer, but I thought I would add this into the mix just to get it on the record.
EDIT
@Vitaly found an article ("American Speech", Duke University Press) that references some corroborative material. Here is an excerpt:
It's a long article and I haven't digested it all yet, but it's very interesting.
EDIT 2
More info furnished by @Vitaly: From The Progressive in Modern English: A Corpus-Based Study of Grammaticalization and RelatedChanges:
More simply put, it appears that although the prepositional construction was present at the beginning, it shifted over time due to the bias of the general ear toward hearing the -ing form as a progressive verb rather than as a noun (gerund).