Learn English – what does “flip the bird” mean

1 incomplete sentence 2-6 It implies a contrast.

"He's a bit of an idiot. I love the way he walks, though."

EDIT: I've recently heard phrases like the OP's #1 His denim jacket, though

It's slang, but the best way I could put logic to it is that it implies that one could notice a lot of things about this person, but the jacket supersedes all other noticeable traits. (Thus, the comparison) It can be used as a compliment or put-down.

Those shoes thoough! (A ragged pair of sneakers or a fancy pair of snake skin business shoes.)

This goes along with @Edwin Ashworth's comment.

I don't know of any nouns that fit your proposed phrase, but there are a few verbal phrases that might suit your purposes.

American speakers (and possibly other English speakers) use the euphemism of relieving oneself. So, in your example, you might say:

In the morning, after he relieved himself...

Like the German phrase you mention, English also includes the euphemism to do one's business, but it usually carries an implication of immaturity toward the object of the expression:

do one's business, (usually of an animal or child) to defecate or urinate: housebreaking a puppy to do his business outdoors.

So we might say,

After my dog Sparky did his business on his favorite tree, we returned home.