Fallout 4, tag for research, items appearing green

That seems to be the only difference. Items with a green trim can be picked up, moved, and placed in the settlement, or stored in the workbench for later use (note: it seems you can only store items that you can build yourself from scrap. Some items can be moved/placed and functionally used, but not stored, such as white picket fences). Items with yellow trim are simply for salvaging materials, and their names occasionally imply this, as they are often "ruined" items (ruined house, broken toilet). Yellow items are also not movable in workshop mode, which also supports that they don't have any real use in the settlement.

It seems safe to scrap anything with a yellow outline, with maybe a couple of exceptions. If you scrap a container (such as mailboxes), you might want to make sure it is empty first, or you'll have to retrieve the contents from the workshop inventory later. Or, perhaps, if you wanted to keep any trees that remain upright in the settlement, don't scrap it for wood.

The regular Lab Coat (+2 INT) can be found in the following locations:

• Anne Hargraves sells one if she is assigned to a clothing store.
• A lab coat can be obtained if one is given the lab assistant job during the Cambridge Polymer Labs quest.
• Patricia Montgomery at Covenant wears one.
• Tinker Tom sells an armored lab coat.
• Doc Crocker's lab coat can be looted from his body after the quest The Disappearing Act.
• Worn by Doc Carrington and T.S. Wallace.
• Doctor Sun and Doc Weathers wear one.
• Worn by Doctor Amari in Memory Den.
• Worn by Miranda Song at Vault 81.
• (Far Harbor DLC) Teddy Wright wears a lab coat.
  The Institute lab coat variants, the Vault-Tec lab coat, Father's lab coat, and Cabot's lab coat also give a +2 INT bonus.

The glasses you are referring to are Liam's glasses (+2 INT, -1 CHA), and can be found during:

the quest Plugging a Leak, given by Justin Ayo at the Institute, available after Mankind - Redefined. You must side with Liam in framing Justin, and pass the speech check for additional rewards to obtain the glasses.
Be aware that this quest will be unavailable if you have completed Tradecraft, which is an early quest, making these easily missed.

Other items that give an Intelligence bonus:

• Permanent effect:

  • Bobblehead: Intelligence, INT +1 ("In the northwest room of the Boston Public Library sitting on a control").
  • Perk: Night Person, +2 / +3 INT (between 6 PM and 6 AM).
  • Construction: Overseer's Desk, +1 INT (Vault-Tec Workshop DLC, limited)
  • Level: S.P.E.C.I.A.L. ability, +1 INT / level (up to 10, opting for a S.P.E.C.I.A.L. bonus instead of a perk)

• Semi-permanent effect:

  • Outfit: Destroyer's Helmet, +1 INT ("sold by Penny Fitzgerald in Covenant").
  • Outfit: Institute Division Head coat variants, +1 INT.
  • Outfit: Mechanic jumpsuit variants, +1 INT.
  • Outfit: Fancy suit & tie, +1 INT (Nuka World DLC).
  • Outfit: Acadia's Shield, +1 INT (Far Harbor DLC: "Given by DiMA if The Way Life Should Be quest is completed in his favor").
  • Headwear: The Captain's Hat, +2 INT (Far Harbor DLC).
  • Headwear: Inquisitor's Cowl, +1 INT (Far Harbor DLC).
  • Headwear: Mechanist's Helmet, +1 INT (Automatron DLC).
  • Headwear: Press cap, +1 INT.
  • Headwear: Tinker headgear, +1 INT.
  • Headgear: Ushanka hat, +1 INT.
  • Glasses: Road goggles, +1 INT.
  • Weapon: Legendary 'Sharp' effect, +1 INT.

• Temporary effect:

  • Consumable: Berry Mentats, +5 INT.
  • Consumable: Daddy-O, +3 INT.
  • Consumable: Mentats, +2 INT.
  • Consumable: X-Cell, +2 INT.