Fallout – What craftable items reduce radiation in Fallout 4

The best solution I found to this is to use fast travel to travel to the nearest thing you've discovered. Or perhaps the second nearest. The point is to use it as a way to pass time, but not to make you travel far away from what you're doing.

So far for me, that makes the storm pass and no rads are absorbed.

Per your comment about being hit by these storms in gun fights, this won't help in those cases since you need to be a little ways away from hostiles in order to fast travel. But if you can break off from the fight (become hidden) or end it quickly, the fast travel will still be of use.

Also, as kalina mentioned in their answer, a radiation suit will help. There's a free Hazmat Suit with 1000 Radiation resistance in the Cambridge Polymer Lab. Here's the CPL's location:

I didn't think to take a screenshot of the Hazmat suit's specific location. The Hazmat Suit itself is on the first floor, in a room across from Ericka's lab(where you mix ingredients plus an isotope), and sits on top of a shelf in the corner. Below is where I think the hazmat suit was, but again I forgot to screenshot before picking it up.

Having such a suit will allow you to do some exploring in the open world during a rad storm, but as mentioned in the other answer it comes at the cost of your armor stats.

The regular Lab Coat (+2 INT) can be found in the following locations:

• Anne Hargraves sells one if she is assigned to a clothing store.
• A lab coat can be obtained if one is given the lab assistant job during the Cambridge Polymer Labs quest.
• Patricia Montgomery at Covenant wears one.
• Tinker Tom sells an armored lab coat.
• Doc Crocker's lab coat can be looted from his body after the quest The Disappearing Act.
• Worn by Doc Carrington and T.S. Wallace.
• Doctor Sun and Doc Weathers wear one.
• Worn by Doctor Amari in Memory Den.
• Worn by Miranda Song at Vault 81.
• (Far Harbor DLC) Teddy Wright wears a lab coat.
  The Institute lab coat variants, the Vault-Tec lab coat, Father's lab coat, and Cabot's lab coat also give a +2 INT bonus.

The glasses you are referring to are Liam's glasses (+2 INT, -1 CHA), and can be found during:

the quest Plugging a Leak, given by Justin Ayo at the Institute, available after Mankind - Redefined. You must side with Liam in framing Justin, and pass the speech check for additional rewards to obtain the glasses.
Be aware that this quest will be unavailable if you have completed Tradecraft, which is an early quest, making these easily missed.

Other items that give an Intelligence bonus:

• Permanent effect:

  • Bobblehead: Intelligence, INT +1 ("In the northwest room of the Boston Public Library sitting on a control").
  • Perk: Night Person, +2 / +3 INT (between 6 PM and 6 AM).
  • Construction: Overseer's Desk, +1 INT (Vault-Tec Workshop DLC, limited)
  • Level: S.P.E.C.I.A.L. ability, +1 INT / level (up to 10, opting for a S.P.E.C.I.A.L. bonus instead of a perk)

• Semi-permanent effect:

  • Outfit: Destroyer's Helmet, +1 INT ("sold by Penny Fitzgerald in Covenant").
  • Outfit: Institute Division Head coat variants, +1 INT.
  • Outfit: Mechanic jumpsuit variants, +1 INT.
  • Outfit: Fancy suit & tie, +1 INT (Nuka World DLC).
  • Outfit: Acadia's Shield, +1 INT (Far Harbor DLC: "Given by DiMA if The Way Life Should Be quest is completed in his favor").
  • Headwear: The Captain's Hat, +2 INT (Far Harbor DLC).
  • Headwear: Inquisitor's Cowl, +1 INT (Far Harbor DLC).
  • Headwear: Mechanist's Helmet, +1 INT (Automatron DLC).
  • Headwear: Press cap, +1 INT.
  • Headwear: Tinker headgear, +1 INT.
  • Headgear: Ushanka hat, +1 INT.
  • Glasses: Road goggles, +1 INT.
  • Weapon: Legendary 'Sharp' effect, +1 INT.

• Temporary effect:

  • Consumable: Berry Mentats, +5 INT.
  • Consumable: Daddy-O, +3 INT.
  • Consumable: Mentats, +2 INT.
  • Consumable: X-Cell, +2 INT.