[SalesForce] Why I am not getting welcome mail when I add new Member(Profile) to communities and when I published community

Phil, I have also begun to work on setting up a community in our org recently. I guess you need to buy these licenses in order to be able to see them in your org.

So if you have a Customer Community, the "Customer Community" license is the "Community" version of a High volume Customer Portal license.

From the License types docs: http://na11.salesforce.com/help/doc/en/users_understanding_license_types.htm

The Customer Community license is similar to a High Volume Customer Portal license and is well-suited for business-to-consumer communities with large numbers of external users. The Partner Community license is similar to a Gold Partner license and is well-suited for business-to-business communities, such as a partner community.

In addition to the new licenses, Communities supports all internal and portal licenses including existing Customer Portal, Authenticated Website, and partner portal licenses. Communities doesn’t support the Chatter External license.

So based on this, you can create a user with the following licenses and should be able to access Communities.

Authenticated Website    
Customer Portal Managed Custom
Customer Portal Managed Standard

You can use {!$Network.NetworkUrlForUserEmails} into Visualforce email template to send password setup Url of community and can set this template into community to send Welcome email to portal user, You can also handle on the basis of profiles etc into VF email template.